Wednesday 23 April 2014

Facedetection using colorbased segmentation(skin color) ,Matlab Complete Code



function detectface(test_image)
%Function:detectface(arg1)
%Takes a single argument i.e the name of image
%syntax:detectface('test1.jpg');


  %%
  close all;
  clc;
  warning off;
  
 %%
 %reading a test image

filename=sprintf('%s',test_image);

  %%
   %hsv segmentation
   img_orig=imread(filename);
   img=img_orig; %copy of original image
   gray=rgb2gray(img_orig);
  
  
   %finding width and height of the image
   img_width=size(img,1);
   img_height=size(img,2);
  
  
   hsv=rgb2hsv(img);
   h=hsv(:,:,1);  %separating h component
   s=hsv(:,:,2);  %separating s component
  
   [row col v]=find( (h>0.5& h<0.9) & (s>=0 & s<=1));
   numid=size(row,1);   %finding nuber of non-skin pixels present
  
   for i=1:numid
       img(row(i),col(i),:)=0; %replacing non-skin pixels values as 0
   end
 
  
  
   %figure(n)
   %subplot(2,2,1),imshow(img_orig);
   %title('original image');
  
   %subplot(2,2,2),imshow(img);
   %title('hsv segmentation');
  
  
   %%
   %ycbcr segmentation
   img_ycbcr=img;  %image from the previous segmentation result
   ycbcr=rgb2ycbcr(img_ycbcr);
   cb=ycbcr(:,:,2);
   cr=ycbcr(:,:,3);
  
   
    %Detect Skin
     [row col v] = find(cb<=77 | cb >=127 | cr<=133 | cr>=173); %non-skin
    numid = size(row,1);
   
    %Mark Skin Pixels
    for i=1:numid
        img_ycbcr(row(i),col(i),:) = 0; %replacing non-skin pixels values as 0
       % bin(r(i),c(i)) = 1;
    end
   
  
   
   % subplot(2,2,3),imshow(img_ycbcr);
    %title('ycbcr segmentation');
   
  
  
  
  %%
  %rgb segmentation

img_rgb=img_ycbcr;
r=double (img_rgb(:,:,1));
g=double (img_rgb(:,:,2));
b=double (img_rgb(:,:,3));

k=r+g+b;
nr=r./k;
ng=g./k;
nb=b./k;

[row col v]= find((( nr<=0.37) | (nr>=0.6)) & (ng>=0 & ng<=0.39 ) |(nb<0.6 & nb>=0.8));
numid=size(row,1);

for i=1:numid
    img_rgb(row(i),col(i),:)=0; %replacing non-skin pixels values as 0
end


%h=subplot(2,2,4);imshow(img_rgb);
%title('rgb segmentation');

%%

%performing  morphological operations
SE=strel('disk',3);
img_gray=rgb2gray(img_rgb);
ime=imerode(img_gray,SE); %erosion
imd=imdilate(ime,SE);     %dilation


%second level morphological operations
%img_gray=rgb2gray(img_rgb);
ime=imerode(img_gray,SE);   %erosion
imd=imdilate(ime,SE);       %dilation





%%
% second file

%after new morphlogical operaton masking grayscale image
imf=imfill(imd,'holes');
se=strel('disk',6);
imd1=imerode(imf,se);
imd1=imdilate(imd1,se);


[row col]=find(imd1==0);
ind=size(row,1);
for i=1:ind
    imd(row(i),col(i))=0; %eliminates tiny cluttered regions
end


%region segmentation

 bw=im2bw(imd,0.1);


 [no_bound bound]=bwboundaries(bw,8,'noholes');
 label_rgb=label2rgb(bound);
 total_bound=size(no_bound,1);



 %for i=1:total_bound
 %    k=no_bound{i};
    
 %    xmin=min(k(:,1));
 %    xmax=max(k(:,1));
 %    ymin=min(k(:,2));
 %    ymax=max(k(:,2));
 %    width=xmax-xmin;
 %    height=ymax-ymin;
 %    
 %    if(width==0 || height ==0)
 %        continue;
 %    end
    
 %    rectangle('Position',[ymin,xmin,height,width]);
 %end








%threshold values
width_th=32;
height_th=28;



for i1=1:total_bound
   
     matx=no_bound{i1};
   
    %calculating rectangle for the boundary
   
    xmin=min(matx(:,1));
    ymin=min(matx(:,2));
    xmax=max(matx(:,1));
    ymax=max(matx(:,2));
   
   
   
    %ymin=min(matx(:,1));
    %xmin=min(matx(:,2));
    %ymax=max(matx(:,1));
    %xmax=max(matx(:,2));
   
   
   
    width=xmax-xmin;
    height=ymax-ymin;
   
    %checking the regions against thresholds
   
    if(width<=width_th)
        %if the region is to narrow
        %remove that region
        imd(xmin:xmax,ymin:ymax)=0;
       
    elseif(height<=height_th)
        %if the region is to short
        %remove that region
        imd(xmin:xmax,ymin:ymax)=0;
       
    elseif(width<=width_th && height>=150)
        %if the image is too narrow and tall i.e height greater than half
        imd(xmin:xmax,ymin:ymax)=0;
       
    elseif(height<=height_th && width>=150)
        %if the image is too short and wide
        imd(xmin:xmax,ymin:ymax)=0;
    end
       
       
       
    width=xmax-xmin;
    height=ymax-ymin;
    asp=width/height;
    if(asp<0.61 && asp>1.4)
    imd(xmin:xmax,ymin:ymax)=0;
    end
   
   
    %calculating euler no
    imgeuler=imd(xmin:xmax,ymin:ymax);
    %imgeuler=gray(xmin:xmax,ymin:ymax);
   % imgeuler=imd(ymin:ymax,xmin:xmax);
    eulerno=bweuler(imgeuler,8);
   
    if(eulerno>=0)
       bw(xmin:xmax,ymin:ymax)=0;
       imd(xmin:xmax,ymin:ymax)=0;
    end
   
       
   
end

%figure
%imshow(imd);
  %bw=im2bw(imd,0.1);
 %[no_bound bound]=bwboundaries(bw,8,'noholes');
 %label_rgb=label2rgb(bound);
 %total_bound=size(no_bound,1);




 %%fouth file



bw=im2bw(imd,0.1);
[no_bound bound]=bwboundaries(bw,8,'noholes');
total_bound=size(no_bound,1);




 %%template matching and normalization
 load template_generation %loads average_face
  for i=1:total_bound
    
      k=no_bound{i};
    
     xmin=min(k(:,1));
     xmax=max(k(:,1));
     ymin=min(k(:,2));
     ymax=max(k(:,2));
    

    
     width=xmax-xmin;
     height=ymax-ymin;
    
     x=imd(xmin:xmax,ymin:ymax);
     x=imresize(x,[100 100]);
     %average_face=imresize(average_face,[width height]);
     c=normxcorr2(average_face,x);
    
     peak=max(abs(c(:)));
     %fprintf('%f\n',peak);
    
     if(peak<0.6)
         imd(xmin:xmax,ymin:ymax)=0;
     end
    
  end
 
  %close all;
  %imshow(imd);
 
 
  %calculating rectgular box around the remaining areas in original image
 
  bw=im2bw(imd,0.1);
  [no_bound bound]=bwboundaries(bw,8,'noholes');
   total_bound=size(no_bound,1);
  
   figure
   imshow(img_orig);
  
    for i=1:total_bound
     k=no_bound{i};
    
     xmin=min(k(:,1));
     xmax=max(k(:,1));
     ymin=min(k(:,2));
     ymax=max(k(:,2));
    
   
          %finding midpoint of the region to draw rectangle
     
   % xmid=uint16 ( (xmin+xmax)/2 );
   % ymid=uint16 ( (ymin+ymax)/2 );
   
    %xmin=uint16 (xmid-50);
    %ymin=uint16 (ymid-50);
   
    %xmax=uint16 (xmid+50);
    %if(xmax>=img_width)
     %   xmax=img_width-1;
    %end
   
    %ymax=uint16 (ymid+50);
    %if(ymax>=img_height)
     %   ymax=img_height-1;
    %end
    
     width=xmax-xmin;
     height=ymax-ymin;
    
          if(width==0 || height ==0)
         continue;
          end
         
     rect=rectangle('Position',[ymin,xmin,height,width]);
     set(rect,'EdgeColor',[0 1 0]);
    end
   
end




Link to download the template(average face) data file 

> Place it in the   same folder of project and execute the code

http://www.mediafire.com/download/hovoi1n9dwfogdh/template_generation.mat

Thursday 17 April 2014

Matlab program for generati ng FM signal

%fm

clear all;
clc;

fm1=input('enter message frequency=');
fc=input('enter carrier frequency=');
mi=input('enter modulation index=');

t=0:0.0001:0.1;

m=sin(2*pi*fm1*t); %message signal
subplot(3,1,1);plot(t,m);

c=sin(2*pi*fc*t); %carrier signal
subplot(3,1,2);plot(t,c);

y=sin(2*pi*fc*t+(mi.*sin(2*pi*fm1*t)));
subplot(3,1,3);plot(t,y); %fm signal



........................EXAMPLE OUTPUT......................

%.................................enter message frequency=25......................
%.................................enter carrier frequency=400.......................
%.................................enter modulation index=10.......................





References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulation
http://www.slideshare.net/sidek91/chapter-4-frequency-modulation
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Communication_Systems/Frequency_Modulation
http://www.mathworks.in/help/comm/ref/fmmod.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19097771/matlab-fm-modulation
 

Matlab program for convolution of two sequences simple example

%convolution

clear all;
clc;

h=[1 2 3 4];
x=[1 2 1];

h1=[zeros(1,3) h];
x=fliplr(x);

for i=1:7
    x1=[zeros(1,i-1),x,zeros(1,7)];
    x1=x1(1:7);
    y(i)=sum(x1.*h1);
end

disp(y(2:end));


Reference links:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolution
http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~toh/spectrum/Convolution.html
http://www.jhu.edu/~signals/convolve/
http://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/4723/what-is-the-physical-meaning-of-the-convolution-of-two-signals